Elements and Performance Criteria
- Establish cardinal points by day using the sun
- Complete movement of the sun is recorded over a solar day using a sun compass constructed in an open and level area
- True north, associated cardinal points and the arc of the sun are annotated on the sun compass
- True north and associated cardinal points are notated using a quick shadow stick method and allowance is made for the deviation arising from early morning or late afternoon siting
- Establish cardinal points by night using celestial aids
- Celestial bodies are identified in the sky and used to extrapolate the location of cardinal points directly
- Celestial bodies are identified in the sky and used to extrapolate the location of the celestial pole
- Celestial pole is used to extrapolate true south (or north) on the earth/sky horizon and a compass showing all cardinal points is established on the ground
- Employ improvised direction measuring techniques
- An analysis is conducted, based upon the survival situation, and an appropriate direction of travel (if any) is selected to optimise survival or rescue
- An improvised protractor is made using a multi-folded sheet of paper and the desired angle of direction is annotated
- Protractor is aligned with the established cardinal points of the compass, and the annotated angle is used to select a coincident recognisable feature in the distance
- Recognisable feature or interim way-point is approached in a direct line from the start-point
- Employ improvised time measuring techniques
- Employ improvised distance measuring techniques
- Determine overall position relative to start point and navigate back
- Grid system using a standard scale is plotted on a sheet of paper, and cardinal points and start point are annotated
- Physical navigation movements are plotted as scaled vectors from the start point
- Individual navigation vectors are aggregated to determine final position relative to the start point
- Return vector is determined in order to return to the start point